Cylinder-head construction for internal-combustion engines



Nov. 1e 192e, Y 1,607,028

. l E. A. WATTS Y CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINES Filed oct. 29, 1924 G Asvheets-Shee't 1 llllllll Nov. 16 ,1926. 1,607,028

E. A. wATfrsl CYLINDER READ CONSTRUCTIONFOR' INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGINES Filed oct. 29I 1924. s sheets-sheet V2 BY Maw A-rfroRNzYi Nov. ,116,1926. 1,607,028.

E.l A. WATTS.

vCYLINDER HEAD CQNSTRUCTION FORy INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINS ,Filed 0St- 29, 1924 6 Sheets-*Sheet 3 l FIGA.I v

'1m/Enron. ELMER A. wATTs j Z `L MTTORNEYS.

Nov.`16 1926. f 1,607,028

- E. A..AWATTSv CYLINDERNEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR NTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Nov. 16 1926. v

. E. A. wATTs CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTIONFORv INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES mvaN-roR ELMER A. WAT-75 FIG 6 FIGCQI BY l n A'rroRNEY5 Nav. 16 1926.

E. A. wATTs CYLINDER HEAD lccVJNsTRuC'TIoN FCR INTERNAL coMUs'rIoN NGINES s 'sheets-sheet 6 Filed oct. :29l )924 mw. mw

. mm i IN l' ENTOR. ELMER l?. WHTT` A TTORNEYS.

Paie-sied Nov. 1e, 192e.

isere-z8! fries.

WATTS, OFSPRNGFIELD,-QHIO, ASSIG-NORATO TIIE MILLER IMPROVED GAS C01VIPANY,OEMSPBNGFIELD, OHIO, .A'CORZEPORTION OF OHIO.

CYLINDER-HEAD eoivs'cnnne'riou :een.fmfrnmvanfooivinnsmion mitaines.

Application med '.0ctoher29, i924. Serial-No, 1746,4-81.

.My .invention :relates -to 'internal combustion engines land in particular to oertain lvalve easing and cylinder lhea'd eonstrue Ytion. f

lt ais the object of :my `finvention to pro-V vide a-ieoinbined cylinder head and Eval-ve casing construction which shall provide suitahle Waterfeooled ,valvesand `a cylinder head .detachable from :the cylinder and adapted 4:to ,-aeooininodate.itself .to the Jpressures, .heatsaand ,expansion-s common to suoli construction v.With'nt injury :to itself or yto the mechanism vupon Which-it is mounted.

:It is essential -in :a ieonstruetion :of lthis sont Vto provide Aadequate .cooling -aeilities 'for itheeylinder :head and adequate means for .permitting oli. thezenpansion of the ,fhead under .the .varying ytemperatuii es and pres- ,sures to which it is :,suoj eeted,and independent expansion .of {the/"valve easings. i 4:llt ;is :my object, pthereiloie, to provide means .to 4prevent warping, .to provide means'V :tor :the ready opening .of the head for its inspection v`and cleaning, Aand iineansfor provioing-eool valves so that there IWill be Ythe, minimum oi l'Warpingof `the valves and consequent ,leakage `and deteotiveoperation ot' the internal combustion engine.

.it is n iuizther object-.Lto provide a valve casing `which Wil-l provide ,a read-y means of attachment Aand support for 4large area in'-k ltaire vand :exhaust qnianiolds.

.Figure -1 is ia `section through the valve.l

casing eonstnuetion on .a ven-tical plane Ipassing through the valves `transversely of Ythe main airis ot the engine, Vshowing the `Water vcooling process forithe exterior .of the valve y easings proper and .the Water .cooling of .the interior of :the valves themselves;

internal .combustion engine of.` Figure 16 @Figure tZis an endelevat'ion rointhe'A out- .sideof .the endv of Athe engine 'havingwthe val-ve .casting with the end plate-of the east lng .removed for `theinspection o't" the inter'- rior of 'the `Water Cooling passagevvays.;

VFig'gure .3 ing;

' AFigure .4 is a ins.; A

,Figure Casting.;

top plan View of'the castf ligure -6 is a section Itaken .on a Vertical.k

plane .through the .housing yperpeirdieular "to and transversely ot the major` axis 'of the onthe line 6-6 ofligure 7;; 'l

Figure -7 is 'ia section on lthe lineirfr(4 oit Figure 6 looking in the -direetion kof the arrows.;

is aside elevati-on `oi the4 castaA 5 is .a 'hottom'plan view otth'eg' Figure 8 is .a ,section on the line'S-E fof ltigure 6; f

Figure .9 is a section onftlie'linefQ-'Q of Figure 6,;

Y Figure .l0 isa seotionfontthe line 10-{10 ,Figurell 'is a section onithe vline fll-l'l of Figure`85and `r Figure 12is a section on Ithe fline l2-L12 oFigure 6.l L I i Fig. -lB vis Ika detail section showing the guide .and adjustment for the valve stern. It .iviilfhe generally understood' that this comhinedv oylinder head anii'val-ve :easing construction consists of a single casting 'having-.an vintake Ipassage' Way eonneetedzto the source V of fuel supply, which passage Way lis Connected 4With "the Vinterior of the ylinder through [the yinlet valve.l The casting is provided With a siinilar inside part through thehead ofthe cylinder "into fthevla'lve' easing which part ,connects vviththe exhaust fmairifold ',attaehed toftheeasing. Ve .thus 'ha-ve a unitary structure eonsisting fot' a 4Water, cooled ,casing Vfor vthe valves and the cylinder head, which easing can he 'applied as V'a Lunit to -the end ofthe oylinderand joine'dlup with the Water eooledpassageivays lof the cylinder. Means are also' l provided 'ttor Ycooling the interior ofv the exhaust Avalve and its guides to reduce `warping 'andrinsure perfect seating in suoli valve. l

Vith this general und'erstandin'g, the following detail description of the Vrnehanisin Vplaced against the finished end 5 and attachedto the casting by bolts through the holes 6, such plate being removable for inspection purposes. ofthe casting 3 while fiat on either end is generally circular save for a flattened top 7 through which access may be had to the valves and ignition apparatus hereinafter described. This arrangement permits of the ready access yby the operator to the top of the` valves, valve seats and ignition apparatus.

On the interior of the casting there willv be noted an intake valve housing 8 and a similar'shaped'exhaust valve housing 9.

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 6 and Figure r9, it will be seen that the intake fuel is admitted into the casting through the aperture 10 which fits with the correspond ing aperture in the cylinder construction to which this casting is bolted. vThe intake gases pass through the passageway 11 between the outside wall 8 of the casing and the inner wall 12 on the inside of the casing.

vThis passageway enlarges as at 18 where it merges into an area designated 11i beneath the intakev valve 15. The fuel passes 'outwardly beneath the vvalve 15 into the interior ofthe valve casing 8 in an area generally designated 16 and thence into the cylinder through the intake port 17. Mounted on the top of the intake casing 8 is the ignition apparatus consisting of Van are shaped supe port 18 which carries the spark plug 19 in a cup 20. The current Yis conveyed to the plug bythe cable 21 carried in th-e conduit 22 which is mounted with a gas tight fit in the sleeve 23 of the connection 24 which is mounted with a gas tight lit at 25 on the cup 20. The control plate 26 is mounted on the lower end of a shaft 27 beneath the cup 20 and is adapted to Contact with the spark plugs 19 as desired. The shaft 27 also carries insulating members 28, between which is mounted a contact 29 for the end of the plug 19. This shaft 27 is controlled by `a handle 30 mounted on the upper end of the shaft within the connection 2a, above the platform 7 of the casting so as to give ready access to it for the control of the ignition by the operator. This cup itself is sealed by the packing 31 on top of the plat- Leonesa' This projecting portion forni 7 `oi the casting while the lower por'l tion of the cup is sealed with a packing 32 within the top of the valve casing 8. lt is apparent that this whole unit constituting the top of the valve casing, the enclosure for the main casing andthe gas tight con'- tainer for the ignition.apparatusmay be lifted, when desired, bodily yfrom the casting giving access to the valve 15. This valve 15 rests upon ya detachable ring 88 in the base of the casing 8. The valve itself f is threaded as at 3a on its valve stern 35. This valve stein 85 is carried in a lengthened sleeve or `guide 86 which is provided with a shoulder 37 for contact with the casing which at thisvpoint is formed into an Yenlarged tubular orV cylindrical member 38. n

' a suitable opening 421 shown in Figure '13.

This block is formed with a shoulder 4:3 engaging with the corresponding shoulder on the bottom of the stem 85. Ttv is threaded as at ist on the lower end of the stem. The lower end of the block is out as at 45 to receive the tappet i6 which is also threaded on the lower end ofthe valve stem as aty 1i?. This tappet is adjusted in its position in respect to the block by the set screws a8.

Surrounding the valve casing 8 are the water passageways i9 which connect through the openings 50 with the cooling chambers the cylinder. The water circulates around the valve casings in 'the space 51V bel tween the casings and on the other side of the exhaust valve 9 in the passageway 52. Thus the valve casings are completely cooled. la. large cooling area as at`53 is provided below the valve casings and generally between them. A similar passageway below the exhaust passageway is provided at5ll. he water so circulates that it not only cools the valve casings, but also cools the back of the cylinder head 55 which has a convex structure forming t-he inner wall of the valvecasting and integral therewith, being pierced by the intake opening 17and an exhaust opening 58. The arc shaped connection between the casings of the two valves, such casing being formed of a con tinuous wall, is designated 57. These casings being integral with the cylinder hea-d 55 serve to support it and assist in compensating for the expansion and contraction of the several parts.v This construction is more clearly seen in. Figure 9 and in Figures 8 andl v10. Within. thewall V3 of thefcasting are the valve' casings and the guides forv` nected together and act as a support forthe 1 convex cylinder' lhead of which they are a part and through which they communicate.

with the interior oi" the cylinder. Theentire structure comprising anintegral wall by' reason of the single casting has great` vplug8lfupon-a shoulder SQupon which is 1 strength. Further, as thev parts are heated from the 'same :source and cooled by the f sameV medium they .inevitably rexpand and contraotunder-the same conditions, whereby the structure asa wholeismaintained inthe f same relative condition thus preventing any. warping orbreakage due touneven temper-y atures. This is due to thewater circulating between the Closely ad] acent inner and outer walls of `the casting "which maintains the l entire structure at a uniform temperature.

l casting.

The valve casing 9,' 4as will be seen par-y ticularly in Figure vl0,V `ismounted 'upon a second vcasing 'integral therewith 'which' forms' the exhaust chamber, such oasingbeing ldesignated 58. It is :in .turnl mounted -upon the vertical Ytubular v casing 59 which is integral with and supported bythe outside casting. *It isfso formed that ithas a cylindrical member'tittingat 'its lower end 'opening rati'its upper end'intothe discharge chamber '60' below 'the seat vGil for the valve ring 62 upon which rests the exhaust valve hereinafter described. This-exhaust" cha-mber increases to the size oli' thev 'exhaust manifoldj, as shown atte. y Thisfmani#` fold is lbolted to the casting and is provided Vwith 'water circulating passageways' and an innerwall 67. The exhaustpassage. in

`the manifold is designated '68.VV The waterV circulation -passageways y 66 communicate with water circulationpassageways in the The valvefitself usedv for `exhaust purposes is constructed as follows. It has a seat portion designated V63 vand "cup portion69Y for Y mounting` the seat Vupon -a vvalve stem 70y which is hollow. This stem isprovided with a shoulder 7,1 upon which' rests the cup 69 havingl a similar cutout shoulder lso'that ing'the cup between the shoulder 7l and the i* fnut 73 on the stern 70. The valve seat mounted upon the ValveV cupv is continued inwardly and upwardly by the cylindrical wall 74; which Vis drawn inwardly into a f throat to give the greatest "areay possible within ythe valve casing ,for the exit of Athe gases while at thesame time providing an are-a 'witliin Ithe valve for the circulation of a carry-ing liuid. The upper ends of the, wall 711iterm-inate in a piston head having Va longl skirt 76 provided with a-nurnber ot packing rings '77. This piston head works within a lCylindrical member 78 mountedin the upper end otthevalve .casing 9 and sealed thereto by the packing ring 7 9.r The inner end of this .piston head which has threaded aperture'SO is filled with'e SOeW of thisplug :is provided with an aperture `mounted the valve spring 83. The interior.v i

' A1 tubular member having ashoulder and beingdesignated 86 is mounted within thisY aperture. This tubularmember pro#v vides a. passageway 87 or'carrying iiuidY to v malieits exit as will be hereinafter described.: The upper end of this'tubular member 86Y is threaded as at 88 and carries a head'89' sliding lin thejcap member .90 which formsthe'upper abutment for :theispring 88 of the valve. v`rrThis Cap 891is provided with an exit passageway 90a for thefcarrying fluid. 'TheV passageway 90l connects'with the enit area-i 91 which in turnl connects Vwith the -passageway 87 through which'fthefcarrying,'fluid 95. i

rises torits exit. This fcap member :is Vdi vided into two compartments {l-and 92-sepH arated from one another bythe. wall 93.

rlrhis wall carries a delivery tube94 for Vthe carrying vlui'd. -The area 92 vis connected to a Apipe 95 which is the'supplypipe for the Vcarrying fluid rand which inrturn is COD- nectedv to a iiexible pipe 96; This is necessaryl bec'ause'lthe entire `structure justr de-r scribed :is mounted.upon', and .moves with, the valve, save for the abutment 90 for the valve spring in which thismechanism slides.

This tube `94C` is Carried down from the Vpassageway 87, passageway 75, .through the interior ofthe valve-stem 'ZO to nearly the bottom ot' the Vtubular interior of the valve stem 70 `vat'which'point it delivers its carry-v ing fluid which rises within '.the.val,1.fey ystein T0 into the ypassa-geway' .75 through the passagewayr 87 into 9i and` thence out the exit 90H2 s The lower end of Vthe vvalve .stem` is ythreaded :to `carry a tappet bloei; or roller as aty 97 mounted in the bottom 4523 ot the casting in `the opening 59a.

The interior of Vthis casting is` provided with a series of yribs radiating Vfrom the' een ter oi" the cylinder headzjoutwardly and rearwardly through the exterior wall of the f casting. Thesefribs are marked 98, 99, 199', n

10i, 102, 103,104,105, 10e, 107 endlos.

Y support for said cylinder head, haring open--l ings from thevvalve casings through the cyltheir center 110 Which is the center of the convex cylinder head. Such ribs will be Vseen illustrated in Figures l, 6. and V7 as Well as in other ligur-es. rlhus the entire structure is tied together and braced.

It Will be understood that I desire to comprehend Within iny invention such modifications as may be oun-d necessaryto adapt it to varying conditionsorn use. i do not v desire to coniine myself to the specific con` igurations or detail arrangements.

Having thus fully described my invention, What 'l claim asvneW and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is y l l. ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinderhead construction consisting ot a casting, one Wall of Which is formed by a convex cylinder head, Water passageivays connecting with vthe' cylinder for circulating Water Within the casting behind the head, a plurality of ribs adapted to support said cylinderl head, said ribs being i vdisposed with their outer' bottoms on thecasting and their inner ends merging towards the center of the cylinder head, and integralvalve casingslocated Within said casting andproviding a support for said cylinder head.

Y 2. In an internalcornbustion engine, a cyl-`v inder head construction consisting oi a casting, one Wall of which is formed by a lconvex cylinder head, Water passageW-ais coniiect` ing With the cylinder for circulating Water Within the casting'behind the head, 4a plurality of ribs adapted to support said cylinder head, said ribs being disposed With their outer bottoms on the casting and their inner ends merging towards the center lof the cylinder head, integral valveV their outer bottoms on the casting andtheir y inner ends merging towards the centeioi; the cyliiiderliead, integral valve cr" igs located Within said casting and providing a inder head to forni entrance and exit ports, and integral tubular portions 'tormed in said casting to serve Vas guides for valve stems of valves Working in saitL valve casings.

l. In an internal combustion engine, a`

cylinderV head construction consisting oir' a casting, one Wall oi which is orined by a convex cylinder head, Waterrpassageivays Water Within the casting behind the head, a"v

plurality oi ribs adapted. to .support said cylinder head, said ribs being disposed with their outer bottoms on the casting and their inner ends merging towards the center of the cylinder head, integral valve casings located Within said casting and providing a support for said cylinder head, having open-- ings from the valve casings through the cylinder head to form entrance and exit ports,

one of said valve casings beingl adapted tfo support ignition apparatus and the other of said casings valve cooling apparatus.

. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder head construction consisting .ot a

casting, one Wall or' which is formed by a convex cylinder head, Water ypassageways connecting With the cylinder for circulating Water Within the casting behind the head, a plurality ol' ribs adapted to support'said cylinder head, said ribs being disposed with their outer bottoms lon the casting and their inner ends merging towards the center oit the cylinder head, integral valvek casings located Within said casting and providing Va support tor said cylinder head, having openings i'rom the valve casings through the cylinder head to orm entrance 'and exit ports, one of said valve casings being adapt'- ed to supportjignition yapparatus andV the other of said casings valve cooling apparatns, said main casting having oneend deachable for the inspection .of theinterinr of the casting and the exterior `oifthe valve n casings. Y y 6. In an internal combustion engine,

combined cylinder head,.valve casings, a

cooling casing consisting oi a druinlilre exterior casting, asubstantially vertical con-` vex Wall on oner side to form a cylinder head, means oi' attaching the druinlilre cast-` ing to the cylinder casing, valve casings insidethe drunilihe casting and spaced there-r from to torni Water passageivays, said valve casings being cast with the cylinder head and having connecting ports therethrough, said casting having Water inlet ports and exhaust ports connecting `with the cylinder Walls and exit manifold and having circulating passagevvays for the Water around the valve casings, the cylinder head fand passageivays formed Witlrsaid casting communicating with the valve casings to constitute inlet and exit passageways.

7. ln an internal combustion engine, a

combined cylinder head, valve casings, a

cooling casing consisting of a drumiileexterior casting, a substantially vertical convex Wall on one side to torina cylinder head, means oit attaching the druinlilre casting to tlie'cylinder casing,j valve casings iiiside the druinlile casting and spaced there,- rom to orniivater passagevvays, said valve casingsbeing iorined with the Vcylinder head ies exhaust ports connectingywith the` cylinder Walls' and manifoldf and having :circulating passageWays. for the Wateri around the valve Ica'siiigs, the cylinderhead and p'assagexvays.

formedl *With said, casting` communicating With. theV valve casings vto .constituter inlet and exit 4passageivays, and integrally lformed tubular casings supporting the valve casings to forni guides for the valve stems of theI valves in the valveA casings, saidY tubular members being formed in the drumlike casting. 'v

8.1m an vinternal combustion engine, a combined cylinder head, valve casings, a cooling casing consisting of a-drumlike eX- terior casting, a substantially vertical con- Vex Wall on one side to form a cylinder head, means of attaching the drumlikecasting to the cylinder casing, valve casings linside the drumlike casting andy spaced therefrom to form Water passageways, said valve casings being formed'with the cylinder head and having connecting ports therethrough.l said main casing having Water inlet ports and exhaust ports connecting with the cylinder Walls and exit manifold and having circulating lpassagevvays for the Water around the valve casings, the cylinder head and passagevvays formed with said casting communicating with the valve casings to constitute inlet and exit passageways, and integrally formed tubular casings supporting the valve casings to form guides for the valve stems of the valves in the valve casings, such tubular members being formed in the drum-v like casting, said drumlike casing having a detachable head opposite to the side on Which is located the cylinder head.

9. In an internalycombustion engine, a combined cylinder head and valve casing construction consisting of an outside casing,

a cylinder head mounted on one .side thereof and 'supported thereon by a plurality of ribs, said cylinder head being spaced from themain casing to permit of the entrance of a cooling iiuid from the cylinder Walls behind the cylinder head and around the valve casings in said main casing, valve casings therein attached to and forming-a part of the cylinder head and having ports ,through said cylinder head andL ports through said main casing.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a'

combined cylinder head and valve casing construction consisting of an outside casing,

a cylinder head mounted on lone side Vthere-V of and supported thereon by a plurality of rib-s, said cylinder head being'spaced from the main casing to p-ermit of the entrance of a cooling fluid from the cylinder Walls behind the cylinder head and around the valve casings in said main casing, valve casings therein attached to and forming a part of tcylinlder 'head andL having'v ports i through` said` cylinder head and ports through saidnia'inl casing, said valve casings andpassageways forconstituting intake and fofutl'et .ports beingformed integrally with Athey main casing and supported` thereon by tubular casings to form slides fortlievalve stems. v i p Y V11.In an internalA combustion engine, a

combinedcylinderj head" and l'valve casing construction consisting ofan outside casing, a cylinder head mounted on one side thereof and supported thereon by a plurality of ribs. said cylinderliead being spaced from the main casing to permit of the entrance of a cooling fluid from the cylinder Walls behind the cylinder head and'around the valve casings in said main casing, valve `casings therein attached to and forming a partof the cylinder head and having ports through `Isaid cylinder head and Aports through said main casing, Vsaid valve casings and passageways for constituting intake and outlet ports being formed integrally with,

the main casing andk `supported thereon by tubular casings to forni slides for the valve stems, the upper endso'f said casings being open beneath openings in said main casing to permit ofthe location and adjustment or removal of the valves and ignition mechanism.

l2. InV an internal combustion engine, a

lcombined cylinder head and valve casing construction consisting of an outside cas-l ing, a cylinder head mounted on one side thereof and supported thereon by a plurality of ribs, said cylinder vheady being .spaced from the main casing to permit of the entrance of a cooling fluid from the cylinder Walls behind the cylinder head and around the valve casings in saidl main casing, valve casings therein attached to and i forming a part of the cylinder head and `having ports through said cylinder head and ports through said main casing, said valve casings and passagevvays for constituting intake and outlet ports being rformed integrally With the main casing-and supportedthereon by tubular casingsto'form slides for the valve stems, the upper ends of lsaid casings being open beneath openings in said main casing `to permit of the location and adjustment or removal of the valves and ignition mechanism, said tubular valve stem casings being located beneath the aperturesl aforementioned so that Ythere is a passage- Way through said casing through the valve chambers.

13. In a cylinder head, a valve cooling llt) construction, a casing,'a pair of verticallyA arranged valve casings therein spaced there- 1 from and from each other to provide Water' circulating passagevvays, an intake passage- Way communicating with` one valve casing,

' an exit-passageway communicating With the other valve casing, a cylinder head carried ing the valve casings for use as guides foi' valve Stems,` said intake and exit passage Ways being laterally disposed at the 10W- er ends of said Valve oaslngs, and valve c001- y ing mechanism mounted in the open top of one of said Valve oasings andignition meeha-nism mounted 1n the top o1" the othei1 of -Said valve ea'sings.

14C. In aeyIinder'head, a main shell, a, pair of tubular valve easings joined t0- gethei1 by a U-shafpedV Wall and a convex Cylinder head supported by said Wall and pon tions of the casings, whereby the structure will he integral but independent expansion will be permitted yrelatively of the valve easings depending'upon their temperature.

n testimony Wheieof, affix my signa- 20 ture. 

